Penguatan Regulasi Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik di Indonesia
Keywords:
Regulation, Waste Management, Eniviromental PolicyAbstract
Plastic waste is one of the most pressing environmental issues in Indonesia, characterized by increasing plastic production and low national recycling rates. This condition causes significant ecological pressure and has prompted the government to formulate various waste management policies. This article aims to assess the effectiveness of these policies through a literature review using a policy implementation analysis framework based on van Meter and van Horn's Implementation Theory and the principles of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). This study analyzes the published regulatory framework, including Presidential Regulation No. 97/2017 on the National Policy and Strategy for Waste Management (Jakstranas) and Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. P.75/2019 on the Roadmap for Waste Reduction by Producers. Systematic studies that integrate regulatory analysis, implementation, and multi-level governance barriers in plastic waste management in Indonesia remain limited, thus this research seeks to fill that gap. A literature review method was employed to identify the extent to which plastic waste management mechanisms are operating according to targets and how these policies are being implemented at various levels of government. The study findings indicate that the implementation of plastic waste management policies still faces a number of structural challenges, including weak law enforcement, low levels of producer compliance and participation, and limited recycling infrastructure. These obstacles have prevented national waste reduction targets from being optimally achieved. Based on these findings, this article recommends three main strategies: (1) harmonization of EPR regulations at central and regional levels accompanied by strengthening of administrative and criminal sanctions, (2) establishment of an independent supervisory body to monitor producer compliance, and (3) increased investment in technology-based recycling infrastructure and structured public education. A more integrated and collaborative approach is essential to strengthen regulatory effectiveness and promote sustainable environmental governance in Indonesia.
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